It is most affected in the surface zone.
NADPH, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, is essential for photosynthetic organism carbohydrates. This reduced coenzyme is a high energy molecule and a reduced form of NADP+ that plays a key role in driving the Calvin cycle.
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1) mutations 2) sickle cell anemia. Hope this helps you :)
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Signal transduction is what allows cells to respond to the influences of the environment around them, providing cells with proper growth and normal cell function.
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Living organisms have developed a wide variety of complex processes to transmit signals from the outside to the inside to elicit an adequate cellular response. Defects in these molecular pathways can lead to very different disorders, such as diabetes, cancer, and psychotic illnesses. Signal transduction is the process by which a cell converts a certain signal or external stimulus into another signal or specific response, that is, it is the mechanism by which a cell responds to the stimuli it receives from the environment through diffusion. of those signals to its internal compartments. First, a signaling molecule (also called a ligand) needs to activate a specific receptor on the cell's membrane or cytoplasm. Ligand-receptor binding is very specific; they are recognized as a key and a lock. Second messengers are molecules that allow the received signal to be amplified at the intracellular level. The binding of a ligand to the receptor can generate hundreds of second messenger molecules that, in turn, can modify thousands of effector molecules and give rise to different responses. Cells recognize, integrate, and respond to multiple signals from their environment due to signal transduction, providing cells with a normal cell function.
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What information on a pedigree can tell you whether a gene is on a autosome or not a sex chromosome? If in a pedigree, the occurrence of the disorder is 50/50 between females and males, then it shows that it is autosomal. If the disorder is mostly shown in males then it is a sex-linked trait.
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