Play therapy is a form of therapy that is used on children. This idea most closely aligns with Freud and Erikson's views of play.
Play therapy is often used to help people in communication process, look into repressed thoughts and emotions, handles unresolved trauma, develop mental health treatment etc.
Erikson in his view of the play of children is one that is not merely expressive of their conflicts and problems but also an aim to find symbolic solutions.
Freud holds the view that children's play is succeeded by adult fantasy, but soon to treat the two activities as escapist evasions of reality.
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The risks of harm in behavioral or social research are psychological, economic, social and legal in nature. In rare cases there may be a risk of physical harm – a study of victims of physical abuse may be subject to retaliatory violence.
Answer:
Because there are more interesting people on the islands who are different than people in World State. He's jealous because he's able to "escape" and explore places where there's more diversity.
Question Options:
1) punishment by the removal of a reinforcer (comfortable toilet seat)
2) punishment by the presentation of an aversive condition
3) reinforcement by the presentation of a reinforcer
4) reinforcement by the removal of a reinforcing condition.
Answer: punishment by the presentation of an aversive condition
Explanation: Contingency is an occurrence that happens by chance.
While an aversive condition is the use of a punishment to stop a behaviour.
So, in relation to the question, whenever the professor hops from his seat, he gets pinched because the toilet seat is cracked, this can be related to aversive conditioning.
