<span>Because Germany and Japan achieved important military conquests.</span>
The correct answer is the Battle of Saratoga.
The Battle of Saratoga, which took place in October of 1777, was considered a turning point for multiple reasons. For one, it was one of the first times that the American colonists were able to get the British military to surrender. Another reason why it is a turning point is this battle showed France that the American colonists actually had a shot at defeating the British. After this battle, the French send support to the American colonists. This support from the French is critical to the success of the American colonists in the Revolutionary War.
Since it sparked a public scandal, you can think to how people feel about scandals. After getting more info about the Petrov Affair, people were probably felt angry, betrayed, and shocked. (Probably mostly shocked, and maybe some even began to form a prejudice against Russians?)
To help you could see if you could find any quotes about it, on how people felt from maybe news articles or something. You can also go on the history channel's website.
Hope this helped! Good luck!!
In 1791 Hamilton and Jefferson disagreed about the government's economic problems. Hamilton wanted a national bank so the government could safely deposit money. Jefferson believed that Hamilton's plan gave too much power to the federal government.