This variation is an example of disruptive selection. The other choices given in the question are incorrect and can be easily neglected. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the fourth option or the last option. I hope that this is the answer that has come to your desired help.
NADPH is a reduced form of NADP+. The latter features an extra hydrogen ion in its chemical structure. When NADP+ transforms into NADPH, the other hydrogen ion is released as part of the reaction while the other hydrogen ion becomes a part of the NADPH structure.
Obligate aerobes Is what I believe the answer would be.
This process is known as
translation
The process begins with messenger RNA (mRNA) giving instructions to amino acids. These instructions are sent with the help of transfer RNA (tRNA).
The amino acids form a chain called a polypeptide (proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide chains)
I have attached an image that will help your understanding of translation
I hope this helps! I'm happy to help with any other questions you might have :)
[Image sourced from: http://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-2-molecular-biology/27-dna-replication-transcri/trans...]