Answer:
This procedure is know as:
D. known-groups paradigm.
Explanation:
Dr. Sheffield already knows the traits of each of the two groups - the gamblers and the alcoholics. What he is doing is establishing the validity of his measure by applying it to a group that has a certain trait - the gamblers - and to a group that does not have a certain trait - the alcoholics. This procedure is an example of known-groups paradigm. It is important to note that this type of procedure can also be applied to two groups that do possess the same trait, but with the purpose to verify which one will score higher on it.
Answer:
c. Retrieval
Explanation:
According to psychology, there are three processes involved in human memory:
- Encoding: this is the first step in the memory process. Encoding helps us to transform items into constructs that will be stored later in our memory.
- Storage: is the process of storing the information that was encoded earlier. It can be stored either in our short-term memory or in our long-term memory.
- Retrieval: This is the process that helps us <u>remember and bring to conscience the information that was stored earlier</u>. The process of retrieval helps us 're-access' to the information that was previously saved in our memory.
In this example, Zachariah found that once he started studying he was able to recall the information he had learned. We can see that t<u>he information was encoded and stored in his memory (otherwise he couldn't have recalled it), </u>therefore, <u>this information that was stored earlier was bring to conscience and he could "re-access" this information</u>, thus the main memory process that accounts for the fact that Zachariah could access and utilize the information in his memory is retrieval.
