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iren2701 [21]
3 years ago
12

Metformin is a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes by decreasing glucose production in the liver. AMP-activated protein kinase (A

MPK) is a major cellular regulator of glucose metabolism. Metformin activates AMPK in liver cells but cannot cross the plasma membrane. By blocking AMPK with an inhibitor, researchers found that AMPK activation is required for metformin to produce an inhibitory effect on glucose production by liver cells.
Which of the following best describes the component that metformin represents in a signal transduction pathway that regulates glucose production in the liver?

a. It is a secondary messenger that amplifies a signal through a cascade reaction.
b. It is a ligand that activates the signal transduction pathway of the activation of AMPK.
c. It is an allosteric regulator that binds to a crucial section of the DNA that makes the enzymes needed for glucose uptake.
d. It is a competitive inhibitor that binds to glucose and prevents it from entering the cell.
Biology
1 answer:
Dima020 [189]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

Option B  

Explanation:

There are multiple mechanism through which metformin works two of which are AMPK dependent and AMPK independent mechanism.

In AMPK dependent pathway drug is takenup by liver cells and then it accumulates in mitochondria where it increases the ratios of ADP, AMP and ATP ultimately activates the AMPK which results in enhancing sensitivity of hepatocytes to insulin.

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Epidermis.

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Stratum Basale.

It is a cuboid-shaped stem cell that is a precursor of the keratinocytes of the epidermis. Two other cell types found in this basal cell are Merkel cells which function as a receptor and are responsible for stimulating sensory nerves that the brain perceives as touch. The second is melanocyte that produces melanin pigment which gives the skin its color.

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Stratum granulosum.

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Reticular layer

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Hypodermis

Explanation:

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