3 IDEAS :
1.) Civilization — a complex and ordered society that has specialization of labor & social classes as well.
2.) Government — the obvious, to establish law & order within the society as to not causing any chaos and disorder.
3.) Social Hierarchy — how individuals and/or groups in the society are arranged in a relatively linear ladder as in reference to social classes.
I think it was Benjamin..... Something. Hopefully I got the first part right tho.
The Holy Land was Jerusalem.
The Crusades were a series of 8 wars fought for dominance over Jerusalem.
Causes:
1. The Byzantine Emperor needed help against invaders.
2. Retake Jerusalem.
3. Conquer more land.
European countries began finding trade routes to Asia that avoided Ottoman territory (APEX).