Answer:
(C) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have an additional active site that binds to non-cognate tRNAs. The tRNAs that bind to this second active are hydrolyzed and released from the enzyme.
Explanation:
In case of translation, proof reading is done by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases only. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have two mechanisms to avoid error during translation which are mentioned as under:
<u>(1) Chemical proof reading:</u> Incorrect amino acids rather than being hydrolyzed in catalytic pocket get hydrolyzed in editing pocket and thus they hardly get attached to tRNA.
For example: For distinguishing similar amino acids like isoleucine and valine, isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase uses a second active site which is meant for only valine not for isoleucine. In this particular site, valine which had entered the enzyme is cleaved away with the help of editing reaction after which the enzyme is well prepared to process isoleucine which is the correct amino acid for this enzyme.
<u>(2) Kinetic proof reading: </u>Even if an incorrect amino acid has entered a particular aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, it does not cause appropriate conformational change in the enzyme because of which the incorrect amino acid loosens from the enzyme and does not get incorporated.
Note: In this example, only chemical proof reading is mentioned not kinetic proof reading.
Answer:
Explanation:
Geneticists use letters to represent alleles of different characters.
(Alleles: one of the two or more alleles of a character.)
A single letter is used to represent both the alleles of a particular character.
A capital letter represents a dominant allele, while a small letter represents a recessive one.
<u>The letters do not just have one standard representation</u>. same letter can be used to represent different characters. However, the letters may relate to the allele. For example: the letter 'B' can be used to represent Brown eyes.
Answer:
Tigers are often poached for their parts, used in traditional __chinese_____ medicine.
Explanation:
Traditional Chinese medicine for over a thousand years has used the strength of the tiger to cure various physical and spiritual ailments. For this they need parts of the tiger such as their eyes, bones, teeth etc.
Below are some of the ailments treated:
-Tiger claws: It is used as a sedative for insomnia.
-Teeth: They are used to treat fever.
-Fat: It is used to treat leprosy and rheumatism.
The tiger is in danger of extinction, but they are still hunted to be used in medicine
The water from the ocean gets evaporated by the sun and travels as a gas into the clouds. As more and more water builds up in the clouds it will eventually rain or snow