Imagine you discover a yeast mutant that exhibits a general inability to grow and thrive compared to wild-type yeast. You predic
t that the mutant has a defect in a basic process necessary for survival and therefore examine the cellular levels of 50 common proteins, as well as the levels of tRNAs and rRNAs. You discover that tRNA and rRNA levels are normal, but the levels of all of the proteins you examine are much lower than they are in the wild-type yeast. a) This suggests that there is a general defect in ____________.
O Transcription
O DNA Replication
O Polyadenylation
O All of the above
Proteins are produced through mRNA which is coded from the DNA copy, and then taken to the ribosomes which produces the actual protein. Whether there is a mistake in the coding of the process does not affect the tRNA or rRNA levels. For the protein levels to be much lower, there needs to be a defect in DNA replication, which leads to the defects of transcription and polyadenylation. So the answer is all of the above.
This scenario has been discovered and studied in slime molds.
Explanation:
The green beard effect is one of the three fundamental mechanisms of kin selection. In the 1960s, W.D. Hamilton in his work on the evolution of altruism brought it into the highlight. The other two mechanisms are kin discrimination and population viscosity. Green-beard effect functions even when the altruist and her recipients are not genealogical kin.
