George Washington was the first president.
Italy, Belgium, France, Poland, Switzerland, Portugal, Brazil. This was right at the very beginning of the rise of communism. People were tired of tyrant kings and the ruling class, so they decided to do something about it. Marx released his manifesto around this time, which cause more revolutions in 1848.<span />
The correct answer is that numbers 1, 2 and 3 are accurate and number 4 needs revision. The Edict issued by the emperor Constantine didn´t fail because it protected and preserved the freedom of worship for the Christians and even other forms of beliefs. The Concil of Trent occured much later as the Protestant Reform was a threat to the Roman Catholic Church.