In the form of Egyptian hieroglyphs –emerged in Africa from the 4th century BCE. In Ethiopia, the Ethiopic script was developed in the 4th century CE, and in Sudan the Meroïtic script was created about 180 BCE. The Tifinagh script is of particular importance for West Africa.
possibly detente? since it's under history
Answer: Very few groups in the 1960s advocated violence, except the US government, in the form of military adventure, where they went far beyond advocating. A total of about 1,353,000 deaths occurred on all sides in the Vietnam war. Then there was/is the Klu Klux Klan. We need to be watchful even now. The Weathermen were a small organization and they claimed not to intend violence, but use it if “necessary.” The Black Panthers called themselves a party of “self defense.” Whether or how often individuals in the latter two groups deviated from their charters (if any) is hard to determine.
Anyway people can justify their actions of violence it doesn't mean it was justification for everybody.