Probable cause. An officer has reason to believe that a crime may be comitted. (physical evidence, observations, statements, video/audio.)
Searches. Officers are only allowed to do a pat down (terry search, frisk) as a protective measure. They can do a full search if a suspect is taken into custody.
4th amendment protects against unreasonable search and seizures.
When a suspect is being questioned (for incriminating information) they must be read their Miranda rights before proceeding. Basic questions are allowed. ("How are you doing?").
Abuse of police authority could be requesting to see an ID when there is no probable cause.
<span>RAYMOND T. CHEN was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit by President Barack H. Obama in 2013, confirmed by the Senate on August 1, 2013 and assumed his office on August 5, 2013.</span>
Jeremy's behavior is under pretty tight stimulus control.
Stimulus control refers to the fact that an individual will behave one way when presented with a particular stimulus, and behave completely differently when that stimulus is absent. In Jeremy's case, he avoids any interaction with that German shepherd, but he is not afraid of dogs in general.
