Mongolia gained control of the route in 1275 and kept it that way until it closed.
Answer:
The authority of the Tsar's government began disintegrating on 1 November 1916, when Pavel Milyukov attacked the Boris Stürmer government in the Duma. Stürmer was succeeded by Alexander Trepov and Nikolai Golitsyn, both Prime Ministers for only a few weeks. During the February Revolution two rival institutions, the imperial State Duma and the Petrograd Soviet, both located in the Tauride Palace, competed for power. Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918) abdicated on 2 March [15 March, N.S.], and Milyukov announced the committee's decision to offer the Regency to his brother, Grand Duke Michael, as the next tsar. Grand Duke Michael did not want to take the poisoned chalice and deferred acceptance of imperial power the next day. The Provisional Government was designed to set up elections to the Assembly while maintaining essential government services, but its power was effectively limited by the Petrograd Soviet's growing authority.
A state can be defined as a 'political community' which gathers under one leader and abide by a specfic set of rules and laws.
The early states as those seen in the Sumer, where city-states. Small in size, ruled by a king with the support of the local people and land lords.
The ruler also had a small army to maintain local order and to protect against foriegn invasions.
Answer:
British Empire
Explanation:
Iraq was under occupation of foreign countries for quite some time. The people of this country last were independent during the existence of the Muslim Caliphates. Since then, the Mongols occupied them, and after that came to powerful Turkic peoples, one of which established the Ottoman Empire, and the Ottomans gained control over Iraq, lasting for almost half a millennium. After the Ottoman Empire started to fall apart, Iraq became a mandate of the British Empire, and it was at last in the year of 1932 that Iraq was granted independence and the country was free again. The independence was granted in a peaceful manner, which was good for both sides, as bloodshed was not desired neither by the British, nor by the Iraqis, especially in a post-war period.
I go this online so read it and get your answer. Hundred Years’ War, intermittent struggle between England and France in the 14th–15th century over a series of disputes, including the question of the legitimate succession to the French crown. The struggle involved several generations of English and French claimants to the crown and actually occupied a period of more than 100 years. By convention the war is said to have started on May 24, 1337, with the confiscation of the English-held duchy of Guyenne by French King Philip VI. This confiscation, however, had been preceded by periodic fighting over the question of English fiefs in France going back to the 12th century.
