Modern epidemiology involves history since finding the causes of chronic diseases requires looking back for <u>decades</u>.
In the past, infectious diseases, which were the leading cause of death, were the primary focus of epidemiological research. This was especially true after the advent of urbanization when populations began to concentrate in cities. Better hygiene, vaccination rates, and antibiotics were able to put an end to the epidemics.
Epidemiology gradually evolved into the study of the causes, the distribution, the risk factors, and the prevention of chronic diseases, but it also expanded to include the study of diseases with a mass occurrence at the population level, such as depression, and accidents. The medical community has slowly come around to the idea that diet plays a significant role in overall health, but they continue to give it less weight than it deserves.
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Answer:
200 additional calories per day
Explanation
Kellymom.com is a great place for breastfeeding information. There is much more then that as well.
https://kellymom.com/nutrition/mothers-diet/mom-calories-fluids/
An exclusively breastfeeding mother, on average, needs to take in 300-500 calories per day above what was needed to maintain pre-pregnancy weight. Since the recommended added calories during the last two trimesters of pregnancy is 300 calories/day, an exclusively breastfeeding mother will typically need either the same amount of calories she was getting at the end of pregnancy, or up to 200 additional calories per day. That’s the equivalent of adding 1-2 healthy snacks per day.
Per Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (Riordan, 2004, p. 438), “The amount of energy needed by lactating mothers continues to be debated. The lactating mother need not maintain a markedly higher caloric intake than that maintained prior to pregnancy: in most cases, 400-500 calories in excess of that which is needed to maintain the mother’s body weight is sufficient.”
Answer:
Gallbladder And liver
Explanation:
Accessory Organs of Digestion. Liver. This is a very busy organ with lots of functions, but as far as digestion is concerned, it produces bile, which is secreted into the small intestine to help break down fats and oils. Gallbladder. A small bag-like organ that stores the bile until it's necessary.
