It's kinda hard to explain but I found a reliable website
http://www.history.com/topics/mcculloch-v-maryland
In Philosophy the existence of God is a subject debate.
During Philosophy's history many philosopher talked about that, some said that each human knows the existence o God, others are extremely against the idea of God and had provided proves about it.
The scientists believed in scientific method, proved by science. God's existence cannot be proven neither right or wrong. In that way, most of the philosopher believes in science.
So by December 1915, Britain had removed its Indian troops from the front lines of Europe, along with some of their other foreign forces. ... A culture of racism allowed European military leaders to see colonial recruits as perfectly suited for these menial tasks, while at the same time minimizing the danger of the work.
The correct answer would be
A.) by increasing U.S fears of communist expansion