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3 years ago

Complete the following table for the three key subatomic particles.

Chemistry

1 answer:

ASHA 777 [7]3 years ago

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Answer:

This question is incomplete without the table

Explanation:

The missing table is attached to this answer.

There are three subatomic particles found in an atom; protons, neutrons and electrons. The properties of the subatomic particles will be classified under the following subheadings (which are the empty columns/boxes in the attachment)

SYMBOL

The symbol of proton is "p⁺", the symbol of neutron is "n⁰" and the symbol of electron is "e⁻".

CHARGE

Looking at the symbol of the subatomic particles, one can guess the charge of each of the particles from the superscript.

Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged while neutrons have no charge/electrically neutral.

The relative charge of proton is +1 while it's absolute charge is +1.60218 × 10⁻¹⁹

The charge of a proton was first determined by Ernest Rutherford using the gold-foil experiment

The relative charge of electron is -1 while it's absolute charge is -1.60218 × 10⁻¹⁹

The charge of an electron was first determined by R. Milikan using the oil-drop experiment

The relative charge and absolute charge of neutron is 0

The charge of a neutron was first determined by (or credited to) James Chadwick.

MASS

The relative mass (amu) of proton is 1.00727 while that of neutron is 1.00866. The relative mass (amu) of an electron is 0.00054858 while it's absolute mass (g) is 9.10939 × 10⁻²⁴.

The mass of an electron was first measured by J. J. Thomson.

The mass of a proton was first measured by (or credited to) Ernest Rutherford.

The mass of a neutron was first measured by James Chadwick.

LOCATION

The protons and neutrons are located inside the nucleus which is found in the centre of an atom while the electron(s) is/are found outside the nucleus but within the atom.

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Calculate the EMF between copper and silver Ag+e-E=0.89v Cu=E=0.34v

bogdanovich [222]

Answer:

Depending on the $E^\circ$ value of $\rm Ag^{+} + e^{-} \to Ag\; (s)$ , the cell potential would be:

$0.55\; \rm V$ , using data from this particular question; or
approximately $0.46\; \rm V$ , using data from the CRC handbooks.

Explanation:

In this galvanic cell, the following two reactions are going on:

The conversion between $\rm Ag\; (s)$ and $\rm Ag^{+}$ ions, $\rm Ag^{+} + e^{-} \rightleftharpoons Ag\; (s)$ , and
The conversion between $\rm Cu\; (s)$ and $\rm Cu^{2+}$ ions, $\rm Cu^{2+}\; (aq) + 2\, e^{-} \rightleftharpoons \rm Cu\; (s)$ .

Note that the standard reduction potential of $\rm Ag^{+}$ ions to $\rm Ag\; (s)$ is higher than that of $\rm Cu^{2+}$ ions to $\rm Cu\; (s)$ . Alternatively, consider the fact that in the metal activity series, copper is more reactive than silver. Either way, the reaction is this cell will be spontaneous (and will generate a positive EMF) only if $\rm Ag^{+}$ ions are reduced while $\rm Cu\; (s)$ is oxidized.

Therefore:

The reduction reaction at the cathode will be: $\rm Ag^{+} + e^{-} \to Ag\; (s)$ . The standard cell potential of this reaction (according to this question) is $E(\text{cathode}) = 0.89\; \rm V$ . According to the 2012 CRC handbook, that value will be approximately $0.79\; \rm V$ .

The oxidation at the anode will be: $\rm Cu\; (s) \to \rm Cu^{2+} + 2\, e^{-}$ . According to this question, this reaction in the opposite direction ( $\rm Cu^{2+}\; (aq) + 2\, e^{-} \rightleftharpoons \rm Cu\; (s)$ ) has an electrode potential of $0.34\; \rm V$ . When that reaction is inverted, the electrode potential will also be inverted. Therefore, $E(\text{anode}) = -0.34\; \rm V$ .

The cell potential is the sum of the electrode potentials at the cathode and at the anode:

$\begin{aligned}E(\text{cell}) &= E(\text{cathode}) + E(\text{anode}) \\ &= 0.89 \; \rm V + (-0.34\; \rm V) = 0.55\; \rm V\end{aligned}$ .

Using data from the 1985 and 2012 CRC Handbook:

$\begin{aligned}E(\text{cell}) &= E(\text{cathode}) + E(\text{anode}) \\ &\approx 0.7996 \; \rm V + (-0.337\; \rm V) \approx 0.46\; \rm V\end{aligned}$ .