Answer:
Very many.
85% - 95% of Native Americans have died due to disease from Europe, with Europeans exploring the New Continent, and animals being brought over from Europe, most couldn't fight the diseases.
Conditions before the Industrial Revolution were terrible. Child mortality was high and the children who survived, barely had enough to eat. You see, because of The Little Ice Age, agriculture was terrible. And before the revolution, most of Europe was agriculture based. The lack of food made people stunted and killed many. The food that could be harvested, were taxed and there was almost no profit.
The answer is C, I am not sure what the "whig" party is, I assume it is referring to the republican party.