Monoclonal antibodies are made by the fusion of cells of the immune system with B lymphocytes and myeloma cells.
<h3>What is Hybridoma technology?</h3>
- It is one of the best technologies that is used to produce the monoclonal antibody.
- In this hybridoma technology the B lymphocytes that are antibody producing are isolated from a source after the immunization with a specific antigen and then are fused with myeloma cell line to form hybrid cells that are also called as hybridoma cell lines.
- The hybridoma cell lines are then cultured in the laboratory with specific antigen and then the monoclonal antibodies are produced.
- This can be done in in-vivo or in-vitro condition.
- This method is preferred over all because the production of antibodies by this method is good as the antibodies produced are of high purity and highly sensitive and specific.
- These cell lines can also be preserved for a long time.
- Hybridoma technology has resulted in production of different varieties of monoclonal antibodies with specificity with specific antigens as the monoclonal antibodies are produced by single parental B cells.
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Well, Carbon has 4 Valence Electrons. I'm sure you know this, but valance electrons allow electrons to covalently bond with one another. The elements, when sharing the electrons, want to have 8 valance electrons. So carbon has 4 valance electrons so it can bond with itself, or another say 4 hydrogen [becuase hydrogen can live with 2 valance electrons]. Hope this helps. Remember: Electrons <3 8 valance electron bonds Carbon's 4 + Carbon's 4= 8 true love at first bond! OR Carbon's 4+ Hydrogen's 1 [x4] = 8 hope this help
A major problem to understand and correct the problems with the San Joaquin Valley lack of tools and scientific data on valley fever.
- A. lack of scientific tools and data
<h3>What is valley fever?</h3>
The small town of Avenal, in the San Joaquin Valley, is most affected by an incurable disease known as 'valley fever'. Cases of an incurable disease called "valley fever", are multiplying at an alarming and surprising rate in the southwestern United States.
With this information, we can conclude that San Joaquin Valley, is best known for an incurable disease known as 'valley fever', where there is no scientific data that can explain.
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The agent that kills bacteria is called bactericidal. Bactericidal agents act directly by destroying the present bacteria. It is also different from bacteriostatic, because bacteriostatic means the inhibition of the spread and growth of bacteria only.
Answer:
The leaves no longer have water, which means that there is little osmotic pressure which keeps it turgid.
Explanation:
The stem still contains water because of the capillary action that occurs. However, since there is no strong attraction, the water cannot be pulled to the leaves.
