Answer:
Through Mutation
Explanation:
Since our cells are able to produce exact copies of themselves. Thus, until unless some mutation has occurred and affected the ability of the cells to produce exactly similar duplicates copies of the parent cell, there is no way that an individual gets aged.
Since, mutation affects the mitochondrial DNA it is pretty sure that a mutated cell has affected the longevity of a normal cell and then that mutated cell has produced million other mutated aged cell by replicating itself
Answer:
the answer is b
Explanation:
Because I'm learning science and I looked at the answer for a while
<u>Answer:</u>
Effects Include:
Activates secondary messengers such as cAMP which further activates number of hormones like
- ADH: production of this hormone causes kidneys to retain more water inside body.
- GHRH: release growth factors and stimulates growth of organism.
- ACTH: produces fight or flight responses i.e rise in heart beat, rise in Blood pressure etc
- TSH: Stimulate the synthesis of Thyroid hormone and enhances the metabolism of body. In rare cases causes Goiter without the deficiency of Iodine.
- LH: Stimulate follicle maturation and formation of ovules in women.
- Calcitonin: Decreases blood calcium level by deposition calcium in bones. This effect weakens the muscles.
- Glucagon: Stimulates glycogen breakdown from liver and muscles and many more effects.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Background Knowledge:
GPCR (G Protien coupled receptors) are present inside plasma membrane in huge amount. As name suggest that these receptors are coupled with G proteins during their inactive state present inside of the cell. During their Inactive state these G proteins are bounded with GDP molecule.
Upon receiving signal molecules from outside of cell alters the shape of GPCR. These receptors also triggers change in G Protein, as a result of this GTP get attached with them. This protein further activates reaction cascades inside of the cell.
What happen if GTP cannot be hydrolyzed to GDP + Pi?
If GTP cannot hydrolyzed in to GDP + Pi than, it cannot be able to dissociate from G proteins. Cascade system doesn't stop and produces many effects on body.
Effects Include:
Activates secondary messengers such as cAMP which further activates number of hormones like
- ADH: production of this hormone causes kidneys to retain more water inside body.
- GHRH: release growth factors and stimulates growth of organism.
- ACTH: produces fight or flight responses i.e rise in heart beat, rise in Blood pressure etc
- TSH: Stimulate the synthesis of Thyroid hormone and enhances the metabolism of body. In rare cases causes Goiter without the deficiency of Iodine.
- LH: Stimulate follicle maturation and formation of ovules in women.
- Calcitonin: Decreases blood calcium level by deposition calcium in bones. This effect weakens the muscles.
- Glucagon: Stimulates glycogen breakdown from liver and muscles and many more effects.
This is because meiosis <span>produces spores that are used for reproduction and can form similar copies to </span><span>the parent cell.</span>
A. they have shared matter.
