The answer is Task Reference Value Qualification.
C. A statistical analysis is said to have internal validity if the statistical inferences about causal effects are valid for the population being studied. The analysis is said to have external validity if conclusions can be generalized to other populations and settings.
So internal validity means the results are accurate and you can use them to make sense of the group you are studying. External validity still means the results are accurate, but that you can use them to make assumptions about the population as a whole.
So if you look at a field of cows where half are white and half are brown, you have internal validity that 50% of your sample is white and 50% is brown. This result would not have external validity because in the whole world, cows can be different colors or combinations of colors.
'Fair' is really subjective, anyone will have their own opionion.
But i think the best way to define fair is if the tax structure give the same amount of weight throughout all economic classes
If i can replace the federal income tax structure, i would just give a straight percentage of amount to all economic classes, without anyway to cut with 'tax deductible tricks', like 20 % of annual income to all classes of economy. I
Answer: Option B
Explanation: Monopolistically competitive structure refers to a market structure depicting a combination of monopoly and perfect competition. In such markets there are large number of small sellers but due to minor differences in product, different firms can charge different prices.
In the given case, also different restaurants are charging different prices due to their different service offerings.
Thus, from the above we can conclude that the restaurant best illustrates monopolistically competitive structure.