European leaders responded to Islamic expansion in a very violent way. Following the initial incursions of the Islamic forces in those years, the European leaders decided it was time to take up arms and fight them in their own lands - what followed were the Crusades.
Answer:
The Dutch and the Swedes established the first permanent European settlements throughout much of the Middle colonies.
The Middle colonies, like Delaware, New York, and New Jersey, were founded as trade centers, while Pennsylvania was founded as a safe haven for Quakers. The Middle colonies were also called the “Breadbasket colonies” because of their fertile soil, ideal for farming.
I don't know if you typed out your full question but this is about the middle colonies being founded
The cell membrane controls what enters and exits cells and organelles.
The main reason why so many of the machines that sped up production and travel were invented during the 18th and 19th centuries is because this was the time of the Industrial Revolution, which saw a great increase in factory production, which helped create the machines in question.
