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maksim [4K]
3 years ago
11

Organisms in the lowest trophic level of an ecosystem are always _____. herbivores carnivores autotrophs heterotrophs

Biology
2 answers:
il63 [147K]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

autotrophs

Explanation:

because autotrophs are producers and they provide the food source for the consumers in the food chain

denpristay [2]3 years ago
8 0
The lowest level is the autotroph
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Enzymes that acts on proteins helps to break the peptides bonds present in proteins.they break up the polypeptide chains into amino acids .An example is trypsin .the conditions necessary for these enzymes to acts may be specific.some require acidic environment while others require basic environment.pepsin for example requires stomach hydrochloric acid to be converted from it's inactive form, pepsinogen.

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NADH gives its electrons to FMN of complex I while FADH2 gives its electrons to the Fe-S center of complex II. Both the complexes are oxidized by coenzyme (Q) which in turn reduces Fe-S centers of complex III. Cyt c of complex IV obtains electrons from complex III and passes them to CuA center, to heme "a" to heme "a3-CuB center" and finally to the molecular oxygen.

So, the compounds arranged with respect to the energy content of electrons in descending order are as follows: FADH2 -- FMN of Complex I -- Fe-S of Complex II -- Q -- Fe-S of Complex III -- Cyt c -- Cyt a of Complex IV -- O2.

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