Answer:
D) Apes and chimpanzees are thought to have evolved from a common ancestor.
Answer:
B. DR, Dr, Rd, dr
Explanation:
This question involves two genes. Alleles D and R are dominant over alleles d and r. These two genes obey the law of independent assortment as proposed by Gregor Mendel.
Based on the question, a genotype RrDd will produce the following combination of gametes following the process of meiosis:
DR, Dr, dR, dr
Aquaporins would be expected to increase in numbers when there is an insufficient amount of water present in the blood.
Aquaporins are a type of proteins which are present in the integral membrane of the cells. They act as channels and help in the transport of water and small solutes across the membrane.
Whenever there is insufficient amount of water present in the blood, the antidiuretic hormone or the ADH responds. The aquaporins increase in number in the blood. They allow the transcellular reabsorption of water. Due to this fact, more water is able to escape from the collecting tubules and enter the blood.
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Answer:
There are many points at which eukaryotic gene expression can be controlled, through pretranscriptional control, transcriptional control, and posttranscriptional control
Explanation:
The pretranscriptional control determines the accessibility of chromatin to the transcription machinery. It is affected by supercoiling and methylation. It is also known as epigenetic regulation, and it does not depend on the sequence but on the conformation of the DNA.
While transcriptional control determines the frequency and / or speed of transcription initiation through the accessibility of the start sites, the availability of transcription factors and the effectiveness of promoters.
The post-transcriptional control is the one that is exercised once the transcript has finished synthesizing. It can be of several types:
• Maturation control: As the RNA adjustment can be made.
• Transport control: Most RNA has to go out to the cytoplasm to perform its function. For this they have to cross the pores of the nuclear membrane, where you can select the RNAs that will be transported and those that will not.
• Stability control: The half-life of RNA can be regulated by the expression of RNAs or mRNA stabilizing proteins in the cytoplasm.
• Translational control: It is exercised on the frequency with which the mRNAs begin to be translated. It can also affect the frequency with which proteins mature and the availability of enzymatic effectors.
