Triangle ABE is isosceles / Given
AB congruent to AE / Def isosceles
angle ABE congruent to angle AEB / Property of isosceles triangles
angle ABD congruent to angle AEC / Subst different name for same angles
BD congruent to EC / Given
triange ABD congruent to triange AEC / Side Angle Side
To evaluate a function at a given input, you have to substitute every occurrence of the variable with that particular value.
So, for the first function, you have

The name of the variable is obviously irrelelvant, so the same goes for the second function:

The answer would be (x+2) (x+1)
John has x amount of dogs. Solve for x to find how many dogs john has.
He would lose 350,000 dollars or -350,000.