It's part of Freytag's pyramid: exposition ---> rising action ---> climax ---> falling action ---> denouement.
The exposition would be like the introduction and the denouement would be the resolution for sure. I think the climax would be the turning point so the rising action would be the complications. It might be vice versa. I'm not 100% sure which one goes with which.
The men are filled with joy as the bombs fall around them because they want the Germans to be defeated. Wiesel mentions how they've heard the Germans were losing some battles, but this was the first time they had proof. This shows that they "no longer fear death". They have been living with so much death that it is a regular occurrence. Also, a death that is caused as a result of Germany's defeat is better than a death at the hands of the Germans.
Raphael inspired the people because of the devotion and the dedication that he showed towards his work. His clarity in his work and with what ease he used to work and be so creative inspired people.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Raphael was one of the most talented painters during the time of Italian Renaissance. His work is admired by the people for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. He was one of the most popular architects during his lifetime.
What inspired and admired people about him was the dedication that he showed towards his work and the devotion that he showed towards his work and the way he used to do his art work led to his great success and popularity.
It means the general group of people who read a literary work.