The correct answer is 3) exploited indigenous peoples.
The econmienda system was used by the Spanish in their colonization efforts of the New World. This labor system revolved around land being given to Spanish colonizers. These colonizers would then be given a group of indigenous people to work on their land. Besides providing them with shelter, the people who owned the land were supposed to convert the Natives to Christianity.
Despite the good intentions of this system it backfired mightly, as Spanish land owners treated indigenous people poorly. This system was close to a type of slavery in which the indigenous people had almost no political or legal power.
Since the people were trying to just scrape by, so they did not care as much about politics of the period. They were just worried about getting the correct donkey to pull the plow for the next planting season, if that makes sense.
The Inca Empire used the Quechua communication system which was letters and Egypt used the Hieroglyphics which were symbols.
Hope this helps...have a good day!! ;)
The Great Zimbabwe civilization
is one of the most largest and iconic settlements in Africa with significant
cultural innovations. It
can be categorized in three: the Great Enclosure, Hill Ruin and Valley Ruins.
Mining
The Great Zimbabwe was coined as
the iron age capital. It was the chief metropolitan center for miners and had
the most extensive gold workings. There are some mines found in the area. The
people traded with gold. The trade greatly contributed to the wealth of the
civilization. It is also theorized that the rulers may have gained control over
gold production and trade.
Agriculture
Grain and other crops were
cultivated on the middle and high plains. Large cattle herds were farmed in the
lower plains and woodlands. The management of livestock (cattle, goats, sheep)
led the civilization from subsistence agriculture to mining and trade. The
majority of the civilization's wealth was from cattle herding.
Medicine
Famine and water shortages became
an issue after population started to grow faster and climate started to change.
Overgrazing and drought caused the soil to become dissipated. The civilization
heavily relied on religion. The King was believed to have extraordinary divine
powers. Diviners and traditional doctors had fearsome legends and myths.
Weaving
Weaving was a significant activity for the
people. Soapstone and pottery spindle whorls were found in the site. The women
made blankets from bark cloths made with twisted threads from softened inner
barks of trees. The fibers were finger-woven without loom
Metallogy
Bronze, iron, copper metal working
was noted. Evidence showed that the people worked with iron alloys and gold
melting. The abundance of gold led to designing gold beads, jewelries and
ornaments. Crucibles and foundations for metal working was found. Artifacts such
as finished metal objects, iron gongs, iron and copper wire, bronze
spear heads were also noted.
