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Answer:
when an object smashed into early Earth. .Explanation: no explanation just the answer
Answer with Explanation:
Gramicidine is an antibiotic that has a polypeptide structure and is composed of 3 chains. This molecule can adopt a structure called beta 6-3 helix, so as to form a channel through the cell membrane of bacteria which allows the passage of ions (in this case cations) such as H +, K + or Na +, this situation leads to that in the cell alterations in the content of cellular cations are generated, among the effects the loss of potassium that can cause the death of the cell due to hemolysis due to alteration in the permeability of the membrane is highlighted. This effect is known as the ionophore effect.
An ionophore effect leads to the inhibition in the release of H + to the mitochondrial electronic transport chain.
Gramicidin thanks to its mechanism of action, when it produces interference specifically in a cellular organelle called mitochondria in the inner mitochondrial membrane, it is responsible for interrupting the passage of electrons, alters the gradient of H + and the performance of the enzyme called ATP- synthase which is responsible for producing ATP.
The damage that the entire previous situation produces on oxidative phosphorylation, leads to the refusal of ADP refosphorylation, then ADP and its hydrolysis products will accumulate, and finally the result will be a decrease in ATP levels.
Solar power because it is never ending and has no emmisions
In most animals, the <u>diploid</u> state of the life cycle is much larger than the <u>haploid</u> state.
The multicellular diploid stage is the most evident life stage in a diploid-dominant life cycle, and the only haploid cells are the gametes. Most animals, including humans, have this kind of life cycle. It is much larger than the haploid life cycle because of the complexity due to diploid stages.
The multicellular (or occasionally unicellular) haploid stage is the most visible life stage and is frequently multicellular in a haploid-dominant life cycle. The only diploid cell in this kind of life cycle is the single-celled zygote. This kind of life cycle is found in some algae and fungi.
Meiosis, which produces haploid cells from diploid ones in all sexually reproducing species, and fertilisation are two examples of fundamental life cycle characteristics that all sexually reproducing species share (the fusion of haploid gametes to form a diploid cell called the zygote).
To know more about meiosis, refer to the following link:
brainly.com/question/20212069
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