Answer:
Option: The colonists were being taxed without having any representation in parliament.
Explanation:
The British taxes contributed to the colonist's disdain for British because they imposed by Acts which required them to pay taxes. To pay off the debt, after winning the French and Indian War, the British issued the Stamp Act in the colonies which provoked the settlers as they stated 'Taxation without representation'. It became a political slogan because colonists paid taxes to authority without having any say in that government's policies (British).
D. the settlement of unpopulated areas
1,2,4,and 5
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The climate promote the development of central authority by
which the arid climate has required irrigation in a large scale of projects
that is being directed and in a way that it is also contributes to the
development of the central authority.