Answer:
True
Explanation:
Chiasma is the site of crossing over. It is an X-shaped site that appears in a tetrad (bivalent) chromosome during the diplotene stage of prophase I of meiosis I. Crossing over refers to the exchange of segments of chromatids and occurs between homologous chromosomes only. Crossing over is the event of prophase I of meiosis I and produce new gene combinations.
The homologous chromosomes are separated from each other but remain attached at chiasmata. The dissolution of chiasmata occurs by the end of prophase I and separates the homologous chromosomes completely from each other. Crossing over does not occur in mitosis. Since mitosis does not include crossing over, chiasmata are also not formed in mitosis.
Mitochondria is described as the power house of the cell, because it is the cell organelle that process the production of ATP, which is the energy source of the cell. Kreb's cycle occurs in the mitochondria, it is the process by which energy is generated inside the cell, leading to the production of ATP and carbon dioxide and water are given up as waste products.
Answer:
NADPH is formed on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane, so it is released into the stroma. In a process called non-cyclic photophosphorylation (the "standard" form of the light-dependent reactions), electrons are removed from the water and passed through PSII and PSI before ending up in NADPH.
The light reactions produce ATP and NADPH thet the Calvin cycle uses to convert CO2 into carbohydrate. The light reactions in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast, and the reactions of the Calvin cycle take place in the stroma
The attached picture shows how bacteria gain antibiotic resistance. Firstly, a few individuals attain a
beneficial mutation in their genetic material that accords them the capability to survive in an antibiotic. The
individuals are hence able to survive and
reproduce more than those individuals without the mutation. There is, therefore, a genetic
shift in the population in favor of the resistant genotype. After generations, the
whole population becomes antibiotic resistant.
