Augustine
Explanation:
- In his work St. Augustine gives a Christian synthesis of world-historical processes and shows that it is connected with God's plans and intentions. His proposition that the course of the history of mankind is predetermined by the will of God is commonly regarded in literature as the first conception of the philosophy of history.
- St. Augustine believes that humanity with its history stands in unity with the history of God, but in separate spheres, and that this manifests itself as a struggle between two states (cities): terrestrial (civitas terrain), in which self-loving, evil, and sinful people, and God's (civitas Dei), which gathers around the Christian church a smaller part of humanity, who deserves the mercy and salvation of God through his moral and religious conduct.
- The premise of belonging to God’s state based on God’s love is obedience to God and the church. This state, which is absolutely good, is fighting an earthly one that is absolutely evil and ultimately wins. The final victory of the good establishes the kingdom of God on earth.
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