<u>Studebaker</u> was established in February of 1852, and continued until December 20, 1963.
Absolutist governments of Europe were different because they all believed in sovereignty. The king holds all power and ability to rule.
Philosophers and other thinkers had many different ideas and propositions about the possible connection between reason and the physical world. One of them is the one you've posted, however, that doesn't mean it's universally recognized or true.
Thomas Jefferson, which was part of the democratic republicans, recognizes that it is natural for people to organize and operate within groups such as political parties, But Alexander Hamilton who supported the federalists believed there needed to be a strong government.
Francisco Franco was the leader of Nationalist Spain, which was backed by the axis during the WWII era.