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Diano4ka-milaya [45]
3 years ago
5

All the fourth-graders in a certain elementary school took a standardized test. A total of 85% of the students were found to be

proficient in reading, 78% were found to be proficient in mathematics, and 65% were found to be proficient in both reading and mathematics. A student is chosen at random.
What is the probability that the student is proficient in neither reading nor mathematics?
Mathematics
1 answer:
Aneli [31]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

There is a 2% probability that the student is proficient in neither reading nor mathematics.

Step-by-step explanation:

We solve this problem building the Venn's diagram of these probabilities.

I am going to say that:

A is the probability that a student is proficient in reading

B is the probability that a student is proficient in mathematics.

C is the probability that a student is proficient in neither reading nor mathematics.

We have that:

A = a + (A \cap B)

In which a is the probability that a student is proficient in reading but not mathematics and A \cap B is the probability that a student is proficient in both reading and mathematics.

By the same logic, we have that:

B = b + (A \cap B)

Either a student in proficient in at least one of reading or mathematics, or a student is proficient in neither of those. The sum of the probabilities of these events is decimal 1. So

(A \cup B) + C = 1

In which

(A \cup B) = a + b + (A \cap B)

65% were found to be proficient in both reading and mathematics.

This means that A \cap B = 0.65

78% were found to be proficient in mathematics

This means that B = 0.78

B = b + (A \cap B)

0.78 = b + 0.65

b = 0.13

85% of the students were found to be proficient in reading

This means that A = 0.85

A = a + (A \cap B)

0.85 = a + 0.65

a = 0.20

Proficient in at least one:

(A \cup B) = a + b + (A \cap B) = 0.20 + 0.13 + 0.65 = 0.98

What is the probability that the student is proficient in neither reading nor mathematics?

(A \cup B) + C = 1

C = 1 - (A \cup B) = 1 - 0.98 = 0.02

There is a 2% probability that the student is proficient in neither reading nor mathematics.

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