Answer:
<em>Catholic church:</em>
<em>The crusades contributed to increase the wealth of the church and the power of the papacy. The popes took over the enterprises authority and influence, by placing their hands, their armies and resources of Christendom and adapted the people to look at them as leaders.</em>
<em>Thousands of the crusaders, returning broken in spirits and in health sought an asylum in monasterie-retreats, and along with them were their wordly goods.</em>
<em>The Crusades:</em>
<em>The Crusades were military campaigns sanctioned by the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages.</em>
<em>Effects of the crusades:</em>
<em>The crusades kept all Europe in tumult for two centuries and cost Christendom several millions of lives. The holy wars affected indirectly and became an important factor in the history of the progress of civilization.</em>
During the early earth, when photosynthesis has not yet evolved, there were only negligible amounts of free oxygen in the atmosphere. It was said that the Earth's atmosphere had no free oxygen then. This is about 3.5 billion years ago.
