Italy's position in the central part of the Mediterranean gave it opportunity to become a trading center in Europe. Multiple city-states focused on trading and manufacturing unique and demanded goods, so they started to get in constant contact with the Middle East more and more. As they did, they started to adopt new ideas, technologies, but also got in touch with the ancient literature of the Romans and the ancient Greeks. This led to a desire to revive the old ways, to focus on philosophy, science, advancement, which gradually created a movement among the aristocracy known as the Renaissance, resulting in gradual shift the course of events in Europe and later in the world.
Mediterranean location help gave birth to the Renaissance because it prevented far away traders from travelling to Italy and also prevented from foreign ideas which influence Italian thinker. Italians exposed new ideas as travelers and traders passed their country and also encouraged to give up their studies in support of Arab philosophy.
Both Catholics and Protestants considered the Malleus Maleficarum (also known as <em>Hammer of Witches</em>) by Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger as an authoritative work on witchcraft.
This 1487-book it is considered by many as the most famous work of witchcraft ever written during. The book became an important source for Protestants and Catholics during the "fight" against witchcraft during the Inquisition.
