Hello. This question is incomplete. The full question is:
"You determine that you have only 3 copies left of an important DNA fragment, so you decide to amplify it. Using flanking primers, how many PCR cycles would you have to run to generate over one billion (10^9) copies of the fragment?
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Answer:
Approximately 29 cycles of PCR would be required.
Explanation:
As you may already know, PCR is a technique used in molecular biology that allows part of a DNA molecule to be recycled into millions of copies.
PCR allows this replication to be done through cycles. Each PCR cycle lasts about 2 minutes and allows the DNA molecule to undergo the separation of the strands, the binding of the primers and the synthesis of new DNA strands through DNA polymerase. This cycle is usually repeated 32 times, but this number may change depending on the number of copies the researcher thinks is necessary.
In this case, if a researcher wants 10 ^ 9 copies of DNA, he must do the following calculation to find the number of PCR cycles needed:
32 ^ x = 10 ^ 9
x = 28.3 = approximately 29 cycles.
Carbon is released into the atmosphere only during the burning of fossil fuels
Explanation:
During the process of fuel burning, carbon is released in the atmosphere. The human invented power plants, factories, cars and other vehicles releases carbon in the form of carbon di-oxide in atmosphere.
However, the cellular respiration is similar to that of fuel burning as it is too a combustion process. But the carbon produced in this process fuels the inner cellular activities rather than releasing it in the atmosphere.
Breads and cheese's
Hope this helps:)
-Warning2
Answer:
amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, ammonia,
Explanation:
This response helps decrease body temperature. Another example of negative feedback has to do with blood glucose levels. ... If a raise in body temperature (stimulus) is detected (receptor), a signal will cause the brain to maintain homeostasis (response).
