Answer: 3. Punishing behaviour that deviates from the terminal behaviour
Explanation: shaping procedure is the process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired terminal behavior. It usually starts by reinforcing a behaviour that the individual already has and in some way related to the terminal (desired) behaviour; this is the first approximaion. After this is strengthened, the reinforcement is extinguished and then the next behaviour which is a closer approximation is strengthened and eventually extinguished.
This process continues with each approximation closer to the terminal behaviour until the terminal behaviour is achieved. For every step or approximation, the previous reinforcement has to be extinguished in order to move the process closer to the end goal, which is the terminal (desired) behaviour.
Answer:
They expanded their empire by trade.
Explanation:
The given statement is True.
The conflict in the intimacy versus isolation stage is ability to form healthy intimate relationship.
Explanation:
Erik Erikson gave a theory of psychological development that comprises of many stages. Intimacy versus Isolation is the sixth stage of his proposed theory.
This is the stage that starts in the early adulthood and lasts till the mid adulthood. It lasts between the age from 19 to 40.
In this phase of life, a person either makes a loving and intimate relationship with other person, which is Intimacy, OR fails to find a partner, which makes him isolated from the world, which is Isolation.
The conflict in this stage is the ability to form a healthy intimate relationship.
Learn more about Erikson's theory of psychological development at:
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