The plesiosaur flipper is convergent with other flipper forms becuase even though they don't share the same evolutionary path, in other words, they don't have a common ancestor with flippers, different animals reached to a simmilar structure with the same function that is locomotion in water.
Answer:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is a very high molecular weight mitochondrial multienzyme complex.It includes three types of enzymes that need the participation of five coenzymes to develop their activity, three of them catalytic cofactors (TPP, lipoamide, FAD) and two stoichiometric (NAD and CoA). Two enzymes involved in regulating its activity are also part of the enzyme complex.
Explanation:
PDH is a multienzyme complex formed by multiple copies of three catalytic proteins (E1, E2 and E3) and other structural and regulatory (phosphatase, kinase). It requires, in turn, different coenzymes (thiamine, lipoic acid) for its proper functioning. Given its enormous importance at a key point in energy production, it is highly regulated.
E1 depends on thiamine pyrophosphate and catalyzes 2 stages: 1) decarboxylation of pyruvate, forming a hydroxyethyl-thiamine-diphosphate intermediate; 2) reductive acetylation of the lipoyl group, covalently linked (amide) to E2.
E2 catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl group to CoA (3). E3 regenerates the oxidized lipoyl, transferring its electrons first to FAD and then to NAD.
Answer:
Weathering is very important to human life since it helps us to describe the formation of various landforms, leading to the formation of building materials like clay and the remnant of weathered rock like granitic tors can act as a tourist attraction.
Antibody identified in prenatal specimens is never a cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn is Anti-B.
Antibodies directed to antigens of the Lewis blood organization device. The Lewis antigens are glycoproteins which can be determined on the surface of many cells and secreted in numerous body fluids.
Anti-B may be obviously happening arising without stimulus through transfusion or being pregnant related red blood cell exposure or can be an immune stimulated antibody. In either case, it is predominantly an IgM antibody with a few related IgG element and frequently happens in affiliation with other antibodies.
Anti-E is generally an IgG antibody reactive through antiglobulin or enzyme techniques. a few examples have an IgM aspect that causes direct agglutination of E-high quality red cells. approximately of random D-wonderful bloods.
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a control helps to increase the reliability of the results. it allows a scientist to compare it to other group(s) in an experiment. if a scientist notices a significant different btwn the control and the other groups, he can logically conclude that the independent variable has an impact on the dependent variable.
a variable is any factor, trait or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types. there are usually three tpes of variables in experiments: the independent, dependent and contolled. the independent variable variable is the one that is changed by the scientists to figure it's affect on something.
