Answer:
Chemical contaminants are chemicals toxic to plants and animals in waterways. The phrase 'chemical contamination' is used to indicate situations where chemicals are either present where they shouldn't be, or are at higher concentrations than they would naturally have occurred.
Explanation:
Individuals differ in risk aversion because of differences in income or wealth.
- Risk aversion is the propensity of people to choose outcomes with low uncertainty over those with high uncertainty, even when the average outcome of the latter is equal to or higher in monetary worth than the more definite event. This tendency is shown in both economics and finance.
- Risk aversion is the tendency to avoid danger. A risk-averse investor is one who prioritizes money preservation over the potential for a higher-than-average return. Price volatility and investment risk are the same.
- If someone would rather take the risk and maybe receive nothing than accept a definite payment (certainty equivalent) of less than $50 (for instance, $40), they are considered to be risk averse. If they have no preference between the wager and a specific $50 payoff, they are risk neutral.
Thus the correct answer is d.
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The similarity of negative growth rate and zero growth rate is that there is no growth towards a positive output. For example, if the business is currently in either state, it is not earning. It may be very stagnant (for zero growth rate) or losing (for negative growth rate). Which either the case may be, it is not beneficial to the business owner.
-animal control
-local road maintenance
-police protection
-fire service
-sewage treatment
-safe drinking water
-safe building regulations
