Answer:
The correct answer is option b. "cause a change in the reading frame of mRNA codons".
Explanation:
Frameshift mutations are among the most drastic mutations because in most cases, result in the translation of a completely different protein. Frameshift mutations are the result of insertions or deletion of one or more nucleotides, resulting in a change in the reading frame of mRNA codons. In consequence, the ribosome translates a different amino acid sequence, based on the new reading frame of mRNA codons.
The order in which the amino-acids are placed within the polypeptide determines the tertiary structure and therefore the function of the given protein. Amino acids have different functional groups like methyl(CH3), phenyl(C6H5). Those functional groups can interact with molecules like glucose determining reactions, the proteins that catalyze reactions are called enzymes. Other functional groups of amino acids can be the sulfate groups. For example, insulin has 2 polypeptide chains(Chain A has 21 amino acids, and chain B, 30). Between the two polypeptide chains, 2 disulfide bonds form altering its shape.
4.6 billion years ago
The study pushes back the clock on the origin of Earth's water by hundreds of millions of years, to around 4.6 billion years ago, when all the worlds of the inner solar system were still forming. Scientists had suspected that our planet formed dry, with high-energy impacts creating a molten surface on the infant Earth.
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Answer:
RNA Polymerase plays an important role in the process called transcription which result in the in the synthesis of RNA from DNA molecule.
Explanation:
RNA polymerase helps in the addition of ribonucleotides in the growing RNA strans that is synthesized from template DNA .
one ribonucleotide is joined to the adjacent ribonucleotide by the formation of phosphodiester bond.
RNA polymerase is named so because this enzyme helps in the polymerization of ribonucleotides leading to the formation of a Primary RNA transcript.
