Smartphone applications can offer real-time, customized interventions for quitting smoking. The current study evaluates the efficacy of a smartphone-based smoking cessation application that gave messages customized to current smoking lapse risk and specific lapse triggers and assessed risk for impending smoking lapse numerous times per day.
- A safety-net hospital's smoking cessation program recruited participants (N=59) who underwent five phone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) every day for three weeks in a row.
- A new weighted lapse risk estimator was used to evaluate the risk of smoking lapse in real-time.
- Participants in each EMA received messages that were customized to their level of risk for an impending smoking lapse as well as their self-reported presence of smoking urges, stress, access to cigarettes, and motivation to quit.
- Using generalized linear mixed model analysis, it was assessed if communications that were specifically targeted towards lapse risk variables resulted in bigger decreases in these triggers than messages that weren't.
<h3>What results can we observe?</h3>
- In general, communications that were specifically matched to smoking urge, cigarette availability, or stress resulted in higher decreases in those triggers than messages that were not (p's=0.02 to 0.001).
- When only instances of high stress were included in the analysis, the connection between messages adapted to stress and higher reductions in stress than messages not tailored to stress was non-significant (p=0.892).
<h3>What can be concluded?</h3>
- Mobile technology can be utilized to deliver personalized treatment information and do real-time smoking lapse risk assessments.
- Findings offer the first concrete proof that customized material may have an effect on users' stress levels, temptation to smoke, and access to cigarettes.
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Answer:
In the late 19th & early 20th century most Canadians were of recent British ... Australia, and New Zealand both paid for battleships to be added to the Royal Navy. ... The YMCA and other associations raised money and material for the war effort ... Including debts from the provinces and cities, Canada emerge from WWI
Explanation:
The body of water south of Kuwait is The Persian Gulf
Answer: Scaffolding
Explanation:Scaffolding refers to the fact that parents can provide a structure that can assist children as they develop new skilss. The idea of this concept is that a framework or structure can help children learn new skills effectively especially those skills that are seems to be beyond those that they already have which may be difficult to crack when they don't alone. This means a parent plays a role in the development of their children which can even help them with social interaction. For example a parent can model out a problem that can arise during a play and resolve it along with the child to equip the child with proper skills to solve future conflicts.
