Answer:
taxing corporations and the wealthy to redistribute income
It would be ideals primarily from the Enlightenment Period in Europe that the United States derives much of its character, since this was a time in which people started to question the divine right of kings, and started to emphasize personal freedoms and liberty.
I think the answer to question 1 is Reliable and plentiful food production allowed some farmers to quit farming question 2 would be Polytheism 3 would be the Hittites. sorry about the other ones :(