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Answer: B. a lower per capita income.
Explanation:
Per capita income refers to a measure of economic development that divides a nation's GDP by the population of the country. It is meant to show in theory, the amount of wealth that each person in the country has.
A developed country like the United States would have a very high GDP which when divided by the population of the U.S. would give a higher per capita income. This is unlike a developing country that would have a lower GDP and by extension, a lower per capita income as well.
The Fertile Crescent includes Mesopotamia, the land in and around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; and the Levant, the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The modern-day countries with significant territory within the Fertile Crescent are Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Egypt, as well as the southeastern fringe of Turkey and the western fringes of Iran
<span>B) lack of a centralized, powerful state to organize resistance</span>