Answer:
Water freight is a very important method of transportation and is the second cheapest (railroad is the cheapest). Huge volumes can be shipped at relatively low prices which is extremely important for raw materials and commodities.
The problem with water freight is that it is relatively slow though. Another problem that water freight faces is that it is cheap for medium and long distances, but uneconomical for short ones.
A great impediment for the technological progress of water freight is that most ports are obsolete and have not been updated in many years. Updating them is very expensive and many of them are public ports which doesn't help either.
Most new carrier ships (which are very high tech) are probably too big to fit into most US ports, so even if a carrier company invests huge amounts of money in them, where will they them? Technological progress must start with the ports, then water carriers should improve.
Another problem is that regulation is very loose in the US, especially regarding maritime ports.
A trial court hears witnesses testify and examines other information presented to prove the alleged facts and render a legal decision. An appellate court is concerned with the application of law in the decision of a lower court and may affirm, reverse, amend, or remand the decision of a lower court.
Answer:
(b) 1440
Explanation:
As the coupon rate of 8% is greater than the yield to maturity (YTM) of 6% annually, the bond is selling at a premium. Hence, the bond will be called at the earliest i.e. 15 years.
Coupon = Call Price * Semi-annual coupon rate = X * [0.08 / 2] = X * 0.04
Yield to call = 6% annually = 3% semi-annually
Time = 15 years * 2 = 30
We know that,
Current Price of bond = Coupon * [1 - (1 + YTC)-call date] / YTC + Call Price / (1 + YTC)call date
- 1,722.25 = [X * 0.04] * [1 - (1 + 0.03)-30] / 0.03 + [X / (1 + 0.03)30]
- 1,722.25 = [X * 0.04] * 19.60 + [X * 0.41]
- 1,722.25 = X * [(0.04 * 19.60) + 0.41]
- X = 1,722.25 / 1.194
-
X=$ 1,442.42 \approx $ 1,440
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