So the flowchart should go like this:
Mutation in the CFTR gene >>>>>> Production of defective CFTR protein >>>>>> defective CFTR protein in cell membrane or no protein at all >>>>>>> Impaired ion transport across the cells >>>>>>> Cells secrete less chloride >>>>>>> leads to more re-absorption of sodium and water into the cells >>>>>>> decreased hydration of mucus present outside the cells as more water is absorbed into the cells >>>>>>>> thick viscous mucus.
The type of proteins that can function as the chemical messengers or as the receptors in the plasma membrane is a communication proteins; option A.
Proteins are large macromolecules composed of chains of amino acid units linked together by peptide bonds.
Proteins serve various functions such as:
communication
transport
defensive
enzyme
Communication of proteins such as the hormones can be function as the chemical messengers or as receptors in the plasma membrane.
Proteins are made up of hundreds or the thousands of the smaller units called as amino acids, which are attached to one another in the long chains. There are about 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein.
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<h2>Correct answer is option "A"</h2>
Explanation:
- The initial concentration of the substrate(Keeping the initial substrate concentration steady permits the specialist to think about the response rates under various natural conditions. The response rates will furnish the scientist with data about the protein's capacity in various situations).
- A substrate is a substance that is used to make a final product. It is changed and reformed during the process. Sometimes chemical groups are added or taken away.
- In the cell, enzymes bind and change substrates into their final product. When the enzyme is bound to the substrate, it is known as an enzyme-substrate complex.
- Substrate concentration is the amount of substrate present that can be turned into a product. The unit of measurement usually assigned to eggs is dozen. Substrate concentration can be measured in various ways. Since the substrates inside the cell are suspended in cellular fluid, the substrate concentration is most commonly measured in molar concentration, or molarity (M), which is moles per liter.
- Hence,the correct answer is option A "the initial concentration of the substrate.
