Answer:
approximately 4.5 billion years ago
Explanation:
In order to make the proton gradient, protons are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane at several points in the electron transport chain. However, that proton gradient is only used to make ATP by the ATP synthase, which is technically separate from the electron transport chain.
a.shed their skin..
Explanation:
Exoskeleton
A true exoskeleton, like that found in arthropods, must be shed (moulted) when it is outgrown. ... The new exoskeleton is still capable of growing to some degree, however. Animals of the order arthropoda, like lizards, amphibians, and many other animals that shed their skin, are indeterminate growers
Answer: An atom with an electrical charge is an <u>a. ion</u>.
Answer:
Option (A).
Explanation:
Photosynthesis may be defined as the process in which the light energy has been converted to the chemical energy so that plants can obtain their food with the help of sunlight, carbon dioxide and water.
Photosynthesis is divided into light reaction and dark reaction. The light reaction of photosynthesis is linked together by the mechanism which is similar to the electron transport chain of mitochondria.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).
