From the image of the earth given, the approximate amount of insolation for 66.5°N is 12 hours (Option A). See the definition of insolation below.
<h3>What is insolation?</h3>
Radiation from the sun received in the Earth's atmosphere or at its surface is referred to as insolation. Only around 52% of this insolation makes it to the earth's surface. The remainder is absorbed by water vapor, dust, and clouds, or is reflected by the Earth's surface and dispersed by airborne particles.
Thus, understanding insolation (the quantity of energy that falls on a certain region) is critical for optimizing the output of solar panels, which absorb and convert this energy. Understanding insolation numbers can help you identify aspects like the geographic placement of solar panels and orientation to optimum production.
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Sensory receptors convert stimulus into electrical signals by signal transduction.
<h3>What is sensory receptors?.</h3>
Sensory receptors are found in specialized organs such as the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, as well as internal organs. Each receptor type transmit stimulus or sensory modality which is interpreted to electrical signal and into a single perceptual frame eventually.
Therefore, Sensory receptors convert stimulus into electrical signals by signal transduction.
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The correct answer is: (a) RNA polymerase (along with its sigma subunit) can initiate transcription on its own.
More differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription:
• In prokaryotes transcription occurs in the cytoplasm (unlike in eukaryotes in nucleus) and it is simultaneous with translation,
• In prokaryotes there is only one type of RNA polymerase (in eukaryotes there are three types of them).
• There is no sigma subunit in eukaryotes, the initiation of transcription begins thanks to initiation factors.
• Promoter region in prokaryotes contains pribnow box, while in eukaryotes it contains TATA and CAT box.
Glycolysis is the first step in the respiration pathway. The amount of oxygen available after glycolysis determines whether the rest of the reaction is aerobic (Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain) or anaerobic (Fermentation).
