A serf is an agricultural laborer bound to the land of the nobility they work for (part of feudalism). It has been used throughout many civilizations up until about the 20th century.
The battle of Poitiers---better known as the battle of Tours 732 CE. The franks obviously prepared to resist the muslims so their victory indicates they viewed muslim expansion into europe as a threat.
1 Germany lost land, the Ottoman Empire was dissolved and Russia lost some land. 2 Ottoman Empire and Germany. Well the Ottoman empire was destroyed and Germany was forced to give it up.
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Totalitarianism is a concept for a form of government or political system that prohibits opposition parties, restricts individual opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high degree of control over public and private life.
Explanation:
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