<span>Great minds combined with technological advancements have a lead to creations and achievements that would have been impossible. Whatever great scientist of the past has achieved have already been surpassed or improved through modern and innovative ideas and processes. An excellent example of which is the direct manipulation of an organism’s DNA, also known as genetic engineering or genetic modification (GM). Coming from the terms genes and modify, the entire process is something out of a science fiction movie. Well, it used to be that way until the practice was perfected and used in actual applications. Genetic engineering made it possible to add new DNA or alter bad ones.</span>
Answer:
The answer is <em><u>D.
</u></em>
Explanation:
Viruses can evade the processing and presentation of antigens, for example by interfering with the expression of MHC class I proteins, although this increases their susceptibility to be detected by natural killer cells (NK). However, some members of the herpesvirus, papillomavirus, retrovirus, poxvirus and flavivirus families have also developed strategies to escape the attack of NK cells and promote their survival, inhibiting cell apoptosis. Finally, some pathogens often change surface antigens frequently, as in the case of influenza viruses (orthomyxovirus).
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects CD4 + T cells and degrades the host's ability to counterattack with a strong cell-mediated immune response. There are so many tactics of immune evasion used by HIV, which have so far hindered the development of an effective vaccine.
<span>A deletion has occurred in the chromosomal structure. This is because the gene represented by d has been removed from the list of genes after the breakage has occurred.</span>
