The boundary layer thickness is usually defined as the distance from the wall to the point where the flow velocity reaches 99 % of the free stream value.
In the very thin boundary layer associated with free stream flows with high Reynolds numbers, a steep rise in velocity occurs perpendicular to the wall.
Boundary layer thickness = 0.37*Distance on x-axis/(Reynolds Number^(1/5))
δ = 0.37*x/(Re^(1/5))
This formula uses 3 Variables:
Variables Used
Boundary layer thickness - (Measured in Meter) - Boundary layer thickness is the distance normal to the wall to a point where the flow velocity has essentially reached the 'asymptotic' velocity.
Distance on x-axis - (Measured in Meter) - Distance on x-axis is the distance of point measured along x-axis form origin.
Reynolds Number - The Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces within a fluid which is subjected to relative internal movement due to different fluid velocities. A region where these forces change behavior is known as a boundary layer, such as the bounding surface in the interior of a pipe.
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Sales tax is an amount of money, calculated as a percentage, that is added to the cost of a product or service when purchased by a consumer at a retail location. Consumers then pay the combined state and local tax rate every time they make a purchase.
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The Guptas lost power because they had a substantial loss of territory and imperial authority caused by their past feudal system and the invasion of the Huna peoples from Central Asia. However, these factors all played in and their were many reasons why the Guptas lost power. After the collapse of the empire, India was ruled again by many regional powers before and a small line of the empire continued to rule a portion of their ex-empire before being ousted.
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B. an action, an event, a circumstance or an actual thing done
Explanation:
A fact is an action,an event,a circumstance or an actual thing done. A fact is also a thing that is known or proved to be true.
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Option B. Not be approved because he has violated the ethical standard of confidentiality/privacy.
Explanation:
The ethical standard of confidentiality refers to protect the information that has been shared within the included group.
Under this, the one has a duty that the individual should not theft or pass on the information and data to the entity which has not been allowed to have access to the information.
Here the John has asked for the names of the participants which as an act that violates the ethical standard of confidentiality/privacy i.e he has acquired the data that has been provided so that the participant identity is private.
