Answer:
a. inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that converts cAMP to AMP.
Explanation:
The phosphodiesterases are a group of enzymes that are capable of breaking phosphodiester bonds such as those between nucleotides in nucleic acids. The Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger involved in intracellular signaling pathways. This molecule (cAMP) is hydrolyzed by the cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterase, which catalyzes the enzymatic breakdown of phosphodiester bonds (i.e., hydrolyzing cAMP to 5-AMP). The cAMP levels are modulated by the balance between its generation and the degradation via cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
Answer:
The autonomic nervous system is the main neural regulator of circulation and blood pressure in the short term and beat by beat and exerts its function through various reflexes that regulate vasomotor tone, heart rate and cardiac output. At the renal level, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is possibly the most important in the maintenance of arterial homeostasis.
Explanation:
Blood pressure is regulated by a series of interrelated autonomic systems and humoral reflexes, which continually adjust the determining elements of the system (heart rate, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance and circulating volume).The effective circulating volume is controlled by a series of reflex systems, which obtain information about the perfusion pressure (baroreceptors in the carotid bulb and aortic arch), plasma osmolarity (hypothalamus) and urinary sodium (distal tubule).The kidney has its own self-regulatory mechanisms. The reduction in renal blood flow is detected at the level of the mesangial cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, starting the renin-angiotensin system. The increase in angiotensin II produces on the one hand local vasoconstriction, and on the other hand stimulates the production of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex with the consequent tubular reabsorption of sodium and water.Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin (released from the hypothalamus by stimulation of arterial baroreceptors and also by stimulation of angiotensin II) also acts at the renal level, which acts as a powerful and water-saving vasoconstrictor in the distal tubule.
His phenotype should be wet earwax
B :) :) :) :) :) :) :) :)
1.High yield modern agriculture refers to the practice of breeding genetically modified crops or using fertilizer to increase the production yield of planted crops. Two advantage of high yield modern agriculture are:
1. Production of large quantities of planted crops.
2. Ability to select and breed plants with superior qualities.
2. Agriculture have some negative influence on the environment, the major harmful environmental impacts of agriculture are:
a. Habitat loss: Agricultural practices present great danger to species and ecosystem. This is because, farmed areas serve as habitats for different types of wild plants and animals. Farming the areas makes these living organisms to lose their habitats and these throw the ecosystem into imbalance.
b. Soil erosion and degradation: When natural vegetation are converted into agricultural lands, the breaking up of the soil leads to erosion, which wash away the top soil and the nutrients that are embedded in it.
c. Pollution: The chemicals that are used during farming operations, such as fertilizers, pesticides, etc. cause pollution of the air and the surrounding waters.
3. Soil erosion is the process by which the top layers of soils are carried away by agents such as wind and water. The biggest negative effect of soil erosion is the loss of top soil. The top soil is the part of the soil that contain most of the nutrients that plants use to grow. When this part of the soil is lost, the soil usually becomes non fertile. Soil erosion can also lead to water pollution. When soils are eroded from the farm lands and carried to the surrounding waters, the waters will be polluted by the chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers, which are had been used on the soils. This can lead to the death of the animals that are living in the waters.
